Actin as target for modification by bacterial protein toxins
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Bacterial toxins modifying the actin cytoskeleton.
Numerous bacterial toxins recognize the actin cytoskeleton as a target. The clostridial binary toxins (Iota and C2 families) ADP-ribosylate the actin monomers causing the dissociation of the actin filaments. The large clostridial toxins from Clostridium difficile, Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium novyi inactivate, by glucosylation, proteins from the Rho family that regulate actin polymeriz...
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A significant number of bacteria, including the emerging multidrug-resistant “superbugs,” such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, secrete highly potent exotoxins with no antitoxins currently available to disable them. Several bacterial toxins, such as the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) of Clostridium botulinum, can be aerosolized and used...
متن کاملADP-ribosylation of actin by clostridial toxins
umber of clostridial bacteria produce toxins which ADP-ribosylate monomeric actin. These include botulinum C2 toxin (2), Clostridiumperfringens iota toxin (23, 26), Clostridium spiroforme toxin (20, 27), and an ADP-ribosyltransferase produced by Clostridium difficile (21). The toxins have turned out to be valuable tools for investigating the actin cytoskeleton since ADP-ribosylation of actin bl...
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Bacterial toxins are virulence factors that manipulate host cell functions and take over the control of vital processes of living organisms to favor microbial infection. Some toxins directly target innate immune cells, thereby annihilating a major branch of the host immune response. In this review we will focus on bacterial toxins that act from the extracellular milieu and hinder the function o...
متن کاملBacterial toxins.
Many bacterial toxins are proteins, encoded by the bacterial chromosomal genes, plasmids or phages. Lysogenic phages form part of the chromosome. The toxins are usually liberated from the organism by lysis, but some are shed with outer membrane proteins in outer membrane vesicles. An important non-protein toxin is lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin, which is a constituent of the cell wall of gram ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: FEBS Journal
سال: 2011
ISSN: 1742-464X
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08113.x